Select a sample route and aircraft below to explore full radiative forcing,
per-cabin emissions, aircraft efficiency rankings, and SAF scenarios —
all grounded in peer-reviewed climate science with full methodology transparency.
These are curated sample routes. Need a specific route analyzed? Get in touch and we will add it.
Higher-level emissions stats (CO₂, CO₂e, fuel burn) are also calculated live on every route in the
Flight Plan tab of the main tool.
SAMPLE ROUTES
Pick a second route to compare side by side
Route Comparison
EMISSIONS ANALYSIS · RFI 2.0
JFK → LHR
JFK → LHR
787-9
Economy Seat
—
CO₂e incl. RFI 2.0
First Class Seat
—
×4.2 floor area
Total Fuel
—
whole flight
Total CO₂e
—
RFI 2.0 · all agents
—
Load Factor by Cabin
WEIGHTED AVG LF
—
— total pax
0% SAF blend
+4% routing · LTO auto
RESET TO DEFAULTS
F:95% · J:90% · W:86% · Y:82%
CO₂E / SEAT · ECONOMY
—
TOTAL FUEL BURN
—
TOTAL CO₂E · RFI 2.0
—
FUEL EFFICIENCY
—
✈
Want emissions for your own route? Plan any city pair in the
Flight Plan tab
and the route card will show CO₂, CO₂e, and fuel burn automatically.
— CONTRAIL RISK
Contrail cirrus risk based on route latitude & season. Carries ±50% uncertainty; may contribute as much forcing as CO2 alone.
Radiative Forcing Breakdown
Each row is one agent's CO₂-equivalent warming for the whole flight. NOₓ→CH₄ is a cooling partial offset, shown dashed.
vs. Other Transport Modes
Per-passenger CO₂e for the same point-to-point distance, regardless of whether that mode could actually make the trip.
This is standard IPCC/IEA methodology: it isolates the carbon intensity of each mode per passenger-km so you can compare like for like.
Nobody is driving a car across the Atlantic — but knowing that economy-class aviation emits roughly the same CO₂e per km as a solo car puts the number in perspective.
The flight bar is stacked by cabin class; hover each segment for breakdown.
Seat Occupancy: Load Factor by Cabin
Each segment shows one cabin's filled seats as a share of total aircraft capacity.
The unoccupied remainder completes the ring. Drag the sliders above to update live.
Seat Breakdown
ASSUMED SEAT CONFIGURATION · —
Floor-area multipliers: Economy ×1.0 · Premium ×1.7 · Business ×2.7 · First ×4.2 (IATA standard).
Narrowbodies (typical 3-class config): First Class 2-2, Premium Class 3-3, Economy 3-3.
Seat counts shown at current cabin load factors.
CORSIA OFFSET EST.
—
PER SEAT (ECON)
—
Whole-flight cost at ICAO 2025 band ($6–$16/t CO₂e). Per-seat figure uses IATA floor-area allocation. Informational only.
Aircraft Comparison: Same Route
CO₂e per economy seat, best → worst. Aircraft outside range excluded. Your selection highlighted.
Fuel Efficiency Model: Distance vs CO2e/Seat
Scatter plot of every aircraft across all viable distances, computed by this model live.
Dot size reflects LTO (takeoff/climb/descent) overhead; larger dot = more phase-of-flight penalty.
Dashed curve is the quadratic regression fit; R² shows how well distance alone predicts emissions.
Your current flight is the highlighted point.
Quadratic regression fit
Large dot = high LTO phase overhead (short-haul penalty)
Highlighted = current selection
Methodology — All Formulas
Complete list of equations and constants used in this emissions model. All values computed live in-browser.